I'm not really familiar with rss feeds or the format that they come in. Neither do I see, using newsbeuter for instance, the close to 200 episodes that you say are present in the feed (I see only 10 articles).
But if the mere purpose is to download the .mp3-files mentioned in the feed-file(s), this may work for you:
wget http://www.internethistorypodcast.com/feed/ -O feed
wget $(grep -ioP '<enclosure\s+url="\K.*?\.mp3(?=")' feed)
The first command downloads the feed-file(s), and saves it/them as feed. The second extracts .mp3-filenames from enclosure-tags in the feed-file(s) and downloads them.
Note: I just had a look at the website, and I wasn't able to find a complete feed/dowload list. The absence thereof may be intentional, and in that light I don't think it would be proper for me to explain how to crawl the site itself to extract/download all podcasts.